CREATE TABLE

This statement creates a new table in the currently selected database. It behaves similarly to the CREATE TABLE statement in MySQL.

Synopsis

CreateTableStmt
OptTemporary
IfNotExists
TableName
TableElementListOpt
TableElementList
TableElement
ColumnDef
ColumnOptionListOpt
ColumnOptionList
ColumnOption
Constraint
IndexDef
KeyPartList
KeyPart
IndexOption
ForeignKeyDef
ReferenceOption
CreateTableOptionListOpt
PartitionOpt
DuplicateOpt
TableOptionList
TableOption
OnCommitOpt
PlacementPolicyOption

CreateTableStmt ::=
    'CREATE' OptTemporary 'TABLE' IfNotExists TableName ( TableElementListOpt CreateTableOptionListOpt PartitionOpt DuplicateOpt AsOpt CreateTableSelectOpt | LikeTableWithOrWithoutParen ) OnCommitOpt

OptTemporary ::=
    ( 'TEMPORARY' | ('GLOBAL' 'TEMPORARY') )?

IfNotExists ::=
    ('IF' 'NOT' 'EXISTS')?

TableName ::=
    Identifier ('.' Identifier)?

TableElementListOpt ::=
    ( '(' TableElementList ')' )?

TableElementList ::=
    TableElement ( ',' TableElement )*

TableElement ::=
    ColumnDef
|   Constraint

ColumnDef ::=
    ColumnName ( Type | 'SERIAL' ) ColumnOptionListOpt

ColumnOptionListOpt ::=
    ColumnOption*

ColumnOptionList ::=
    ColumnOption*

ColumnOption ::=
    'NOT'? 'NULL'
|   'AUTO_INCREMENT'
|   PrimaryOpt 'KEY'
|   'UNIQUE' 'KEY'?
|   'DEFAULT' DefaultValueExpr
|   'SERIAL' 'DEFAULT' 'VALUE'
|   'ON' 'UPDATE' NowSymOptionFraction
|   'COMMENT' stringLit
|   ConstraintKeywordOpt 'CHECK' '(' Expression ')' EnforcedOrNotOrNotNullOpt
|   GeneratedAlways 'AS' '(' Expression ')' VirtualOrStored
|   ReferDef
|   'COLLATE' CollationName
|   'COLUMN_FORMAT' ColumnFormat
|   'STORAGE' StorageMedia
|   'AUTO_RANDOM' OptFieldLen

Constraint ::=
    IndexDef
|   ForeignKeyDef

IndexDef ::=
    ( 'INDEX' | 'KEY' ) IndexName? '(' KeyPartList ')' IndexOption?

KeyPartList ::=
    KeyPart ( ',' KeyPart )*

KeyPart ::=
    ColumnName ( '(' Length ')')? ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' )?
|   '(' Expression ')' ( 'ASC' | 'DESC' )?

IndexOption ::=
    'COMMENT' String
|   ( 'VISIBLE' | 'INVISIBLE' )

ForeignKeyDef
         ::= ( 'CONSTRAINT' Identifier )? 'FOREIGN' 'KEY'
             Identifier? '(' ColumnName ( ',' ColumnName )* ')'
             'REFERENCES' TableName '(' ColumnName ( ',' ColumnName )* ')'
             ( 'ON' 'DELETE' ReferenceOption )?
             ( 'ON' 'UPDATE' ReferenceOption )?

ReferenceOption
         ::= 'RESTRICT'
           | 'CASCADE'
           | 'SET' 'NULL'
           | 'SET' 'DEFAULT'
           | 'NO' 'ACTION'

CreateTableOptionListOpt ::=
    TableOptionList?

PartitionOpt ::=
    ( 'PARTITION' 'BY' PartitionMethod PartitionNumOpt SubPartitionOpt PartitionDefinitionListOpt )?

DuplicateOpt ::=
    ( 'IGNORE' | 'REPLACE' )?

TableOptionList ::=
    TableOption ( ','? TableOption )*

TableOption ::=
    PartDefOption
|   DefaultKwdOpt ( CharsetKw EqOpt CharsetName | 'COLLATE' EqOpt CollationName )
|   ( 'AUTO_INCREMENT' | 'AUTO_ID_CACHE' | 'AUTO_RANDOM_BASE' | 'AVG_ROW_LENGTH' | 'CHECKSUM' | 'TABLE_CHECKSUM' | 'KEY_BLOCK_SIZE' | 'DELAY_KEY_WRITE' | 'SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS' | 'PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS' ) EqOpt LengthNum
|   ( 'CONNECTION' | 'PASSWORD' | 'COMPRESSION' ) EqOpt stringLit
|   RowFormat
|   ( 'STATS_PERSISTENT' | 'PACK_KEYS' ) EqOpt StatsPersistentVal
|   ( 'STATS_AUTO_RECALC' | 'STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES' ) EqOpt ( LengthNum | 'DEFAULT' )
|   'STORAGE' ( 'MEMORY' | 'DISK' )
|   'SECONDARY_ENGINE' EqOpt ( 'NULL' | StringName )
|   'UNION' EqOpt '(' TableNameListOpt ')'
|   'ENCRYPTION' EqOpt EncryptionOpt
|    'TTL' EqOpt TimeColumnName '+' 'INTERVAL' Expression TimeUnit (TTLEnable EqOpt ( 'ON' | 'OFF' ))? (TTLJobInterval EqOpt stringLit)?
|   PlacementPolicyOption

OnCommitOpt ::=
    ('ON' 'COMMIT' 'DELETE' 'ROWS')?

PlacementPolicyOption ::=
    "PLACEMENT" "POLICY" EqOpt PolicyName
|   "PLACEMENT" "POLICY" (EqOpt | "SET") "DEFAULT"

The following table_options are supported. Other options such as AVG_ROW_LENGTH, CHECKSUM, COMPRESSION, CONNECTION, DELAY_KEY_WRITE, ENGINE, KEY_BLOCK_SIZE, MAX_ROWS, MIN_ROWS, ROW_FORMAT and STATS_PERSISTENT are parsed but ignored.

Options	Description	Example
`AUTO_INCREMENT`	The initial value of the increment field	`AUTO_INCREMENT` = 5
`SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS`	To set the number of bits for the implicit `_tidb_rowid` shards	`SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS` = 4
`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS`	To pre-split `2^(PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS)` Regions when creating a table	`PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS` = 4
`AUTO_ID_CACHE`	To set the auto ID cache size in a TiDB instance. By default, TiDB automatically changes this size according to allocation speed of auto ID	`AUTO_ID_CACHE` = 200. Note that this option is not available on TiDB Serverless clusters.
`AUTO_RANDOM_BASE`	To set the initial incremental part value of auto_random. This option can be considered as a part of the internal interface. Users can ignore this parameter	`AUTO_RANDOM_BASE` = 0
`CHARACTER SET`	To specify the character set for the table	`CHARACTER SET` = 'utf8mb4'
`COMMENT`	The comment information	`COMMENT` = 'comment info'

Note

The split-table configuration option is enabled by default. When it is enabled, a separate Region is created for each newly created table. For details, see TiDB configuration file.

Examples

Creating a simple table and inserting one row:

CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
DESC t1;
SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
INSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (1);
SELECT * FROM t1;

mysql> drop table if exists t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (a int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> DESC t1;
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key  | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
| a     | int(11) | YES  |      | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+------+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE t1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
  `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (a) VALUES (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+------+
| a    |
+------+
|    1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Dropping a table if it exists, and conditionally creating a table if it does not exist:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (
 id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
 b VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
);
DESC t1;

mysql> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (
         id BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
         b VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL
        );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> DESC t1;
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key  | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
| id    | bigint(20)   | NO   | PRI  | NULL    | auto_increment |
| b     | varchar(200) | NO   |      | NULL    |                |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL compatibility

All of the data types except spatial types are supported.
FULLTEXT, HASH and SPATIAL indexes are not supported.

For compatibility, the index_col_name attribute supports the length option with a maximum length limit of 3072 bytes by default. The length limit can be changed through the max-index-length configuration option. For details, see TiDB configuration file.

The [ASC | DESC] in index_col_name is currently parsed but ignored (MySQL 5.7 compatible behavior).
The COMMENT attribute does not support the WITH PARSER option.
TiDB supports 1017 columns in a single table by default and 4096 columns at most. The corresponding number limit in InnoDB is 1017 columns, and the hard limit in MySQL is 4096 columns. For details, see TiDB Limitations.
For partitioned tables, only Range, Hash and Range Columns (single column) are supported. For details, see partitioned table.

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CREATE TABLE

Synopsis

Examples

MySQL compatibility

See also

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